Multiobjective PSO based adaption of neural network topology for pixel classification in satellite imagery

The proposed work involves the multiobjective PSO based adaption of optimal neural network topology for the classification of multispectral satellite images. It is per pixel supervised classification using spectral bands (original feature space). This paper also presents a thorough experimental analysis to investigate the behavior of neural network classifier for given problem. Based on 1050 number of experiments, we conclude that following two critical issues needs to be addressed: (1) selection of most discriminative spectral bands and (2) determination of optimal number of nodes in hidden layer. We propose new methodology based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) technique to determine discriminative spectral bands and the number of hidden layer node simultaneously. The accuracy with neural network structure thus obtained is compared with that of traditional classifiers like MLC and Euclidean classifier. The performance of proposed classifier is evaluated quantitatively using Xie-Beni and β indexes. The result shows the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional one.     

When sensing goes pervasive

In line with the pervasive vision, pervasive sensing allows the provision of ubiquitous and pervasive monitoring and heterogeneous data collection. In the past decade, two dominant pervasive sensing paradigms have emerged: a mostly human-free paradigm centered around wireless sensor networks and a human-centric paradigm fueled by the rise of personal smart devices (smartphones and wearables). In this paper, we review the key advances in these areas and outline our vision for future directions and developments.     

Effect of fiber-reinforcement on the mechanical behavior of sand approaching the critical state

Several types of ground improvement methods that employ fiber-reinforcement have been developed in recent years. A series of consolidated drained triaxial compression tests has been conducted here to examine the effect of short fibers on the mechanical properties of Toyoura sand. Sand with 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 1% fiber contents, prepared to yield random distribution, was sheared under several confining pressures and controlled via their initial relative densities. The test results showed that the maximum and residual deviatoric stresses increased, whereas the volumetric expansion decreased with an increase in fiber content. Although the stress ratio η (=q/p′) and specific volume changed depending on the fiber content and confining pressure with shear progression, they each reached the same values for a definite fiber content at the end of shearing, independent of initial relative density. In other words, the unique critical state line can be found for a definite fiber content. Moreover, the greater the fiber content, the larger the slope of the critical state line at the end of shearing. Additionally, as the length of fibers shortened with the same percentage of fiber inclusions in sand, the deviatoric stress and the stress ratio decreased, approaching the shear-strain-volumetric response of unreinforced sand.     

基于LoRa技术通信的采煤机姿态感知系统设计

为实现采煤机滚筒智能调高与远程控制记忆截割煤等功能,需获取采煤机精确姿态信息。设计一种基于LoRa技术通信的采煤机姿态感知系统。考虑井下工作条件恶劣、通信干扰因素多等特点,该系统采用抗振倾角传感器精确获取采煤机姿态信息,利用LoRa技术并结合滤波算法来提高系统的通信距离,实现采煤机滚筒智能调高和记忆截割煤的远程控制。通过在黄陵1#煤矿井下进行实际测试,结果表明,该系统在井下恶劣环境中获取的采煤机姿态信息精确,传输距离可达140 m,可以满足工作面远程控制需求。     

Al-Er-Zr合金的热变形行为及动态析出

通过对Al-0.04Er-0.08Zr合金进行200°C 到450°C 范围内的热压缩测试对该合金的热变形行为进行了研究，在这个过程中利用Arrhenius-type方程进行线性拟合从而分析应力-应变曲线，之后通过透射电镜来观察研究变形组织。结果表明对于固溶态以及时效态合金来讲，在热压缩过程中动态回复是使合金软化的一个主要机制。高温以及低应变速率的热变形会诱导固溶态合金快速析出。动态析出会明显增加固溶态合金在热压缩过程中其表面的流变应力，但是却不能有效提高变形合金的硬度。动态析出还会导致应力-应变曲线拟合出现Arrhenius型偏差。     

基于相位补偿的矿井超宽带雷达压缩感知成像算法

基于UWB信号的井下探测成像系统中,根据Nyquist采样定理,提高发射信号的带宽以获取高分辨率,将导致大量的采样数据产生,过大的采样率将会在成像系统的硬件实现上带来很大困难。另一方面,在实际成像过程中,成像数据的完整性决定了最后成像结果的准确性,但由于存在不可避免的误差和噪声影响,以及塌方体阻碍下目标的隐蔽性,这些因素都将使得成像目标的回波数据无法满足成像要求。因此,在对目标回波进行成像处理之前,必须对回波数据进行处理,通过相关算法使回波数据满足理想的成像模型,最后聚焦方位向回波信息得到目标成像结果。为了提高穿透塌方体遮蔽目标成像的分辨率,并解决超宽带信号穿透塌方体成像得到方位向回波数据不足的问题,通过对传统的压缩感知成像算法进行分析介绍,结合井下具体成像环境,提出一种基于相位误差估计的CS成像算法对回波数据进行补偿。该算法的核心思想就是通过对回波数据计算得到相位误差,首先对回波信号的稀疏性进行验证,并构建目标信号的测量矩阵,利用CS成像算法对回波数据重构的同时对数据进行补偿,通过反复迭代误差估计,逐渐提高回波数据量和成像的质量。最后通过不同场景的仿真试验,验证所提算法在回波数据补偿问题上的有效性。     

Microstructure,mechanical and wear properties of aluminum borate whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composites

The microstructural features and the consequent mechanical properties were characterized in aluminium borate whisker (ABOw) (5, 10 and 15 wt.%) reinforced commercially-pure aluminium composites fabricated by conventional powder metallurgy technique. The aluminium powder and the whisker were effectively blended by a semi-powder metallurgy method. The blended powder mixtures were cold compacted and sintered at 600 °C. The sintered composites were characterized for microstructural features by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Porosity in the composites with variation in ABOw contents was determined. The effect of variation in content of ABOw on mechanical properties, viz. hardness, bending strength and compressive strength of the composites was evaluated. The dry sliding wear behaviour was evaluated at varying sliding distance at constant loads. Maximum flexural strength of 172 MPa and compressive strength of 324 MPa with improved hardness around HV 40.2 are obtained in composite with 10 wt.% ABOw. Further increase in ABOw content deteriorates the properties. A substantial increase in wear resistance is also observed with 10 wt.% ABOw. The excellent combination of mechanical properties of Al−10wt.%ABOw composites is attributed to good interfacial bonds, less porosity and uniformity in the microstructure.     

高应力下花岗岩抗剪强度参数特征试验研究

为促进深部矿产资源的安全高效开采,基于取自程潮铁矿西区-395m水平的主要围岩花岗岩的试件,通过伺服试验系统开展高应力下的常规三轴压缩强度试验,研究花岗岩的破坏、强度和参数特征。研究结果表明:1)随着围压的增加,花岗岩的破坏形式由剪切破坏逐渐向剪切劈裂复合型破坏转变,破坏形态由单一破坏断面逐渐转变为多破坏断面,破坏断裂角逐渐减小。2)花岗岩的三轴强度和抗剪强度与围压的关系在低围压下基本均呈线性,在高围压下则均呈上凸的非线性。3)花岗岩抗剪强度参数具有明显的围压效应特征,具体表现为凝聚力和内摩擦角随着围压的增加分别呈逐渐增大和减小的趋势。结合Hoek-Brown准则对瞬态抗剪强度参数的确定进行了初探,结果表明参数推导值的变化趋势符合参数试验规律,但推导值与试验值存在一定的差异,说明Hoek-Brown准则在表征高应力下岩石三轴强度的非线性上仍存在局限,有待进一步研究。     

Structural,optical and temperature dependent photoluminescence properties of Cr3+-activated LaGaO3 persistent phosphor for optical thermometry

Cr³⁺ doped LaGaO₃ phosphor was prepared by hydrothermal reaction method with post-annealing treatment. XRD pattern showed the pure orthorhombic phase of LaGaO₃ at an annealing temperature of 1000 °C. TEM image showed the particles in the range 40-120 nm. The bandgap energy and Urbach tail increased in the doped sample as compared to the undoped sample as estimated from UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra. PL excitation spectra showed peaks in UV, blue and orange regions. The emission spectra showed broadband with peaks in the NIR region due to emission from ⁴T₂ and ²E states. The intermediate strength of the crystal field has been calculated from the estimated spectroscopic parameter. The average lifetime was found to be in the ms range. Afterglow decay was also recorded. From the low-temperature PL, the zero phonon line, stokes shift energy, vibrational energy and Huang-Rhys parameter were calculated. With rising the temperature, PL emission peak intensity and lifetime values decreased and FWHM increased because of increased numbers of electrons in ⁴T₂ state and increasing non-radiative transition. Temperature-dependent peak intensity ratios and lifetime values were utilized for temperature sensing applications in below room temperature and above room temperature. The results indicate the possibility of present phosphor to be used as optical nanothermometer.